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Repositorio Biblioteca Virtual Ambiental (BVA)
La BVA es una colección de recursos educativos que tratan sobre temas ambientales, concernientes a el estado de Chihuahua, México, con el objetivo de facilitar el acceso al conocimiento ambiental de la zona. El repositorio de la BVA esta intencionado para beneficio de la sociedad y sin fines de lucro.

Recent Submissions

Plan de gestión para el desarrollo sostenible de explotaciones lecheras de la cuenca de Delicias
(TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 2008-04-09) Rivas Lucero, Bertha Alicia; Segovia Lerma, Armando; Morales Morales, Hugo Armando; Hermosillo Nieto, Jesús Guillermo; Magaña Magaña, José Eduardo
The establishment of environmental policies to promote sustainable development on dairies at Delicias region involves a waste management plan to accomplish the profitability of this economic activity. The Inappropriate management of dairies wastes produces soil degradation, groundwater and water contamination, air pollution which is a risk factor to animals and human health. The study objective was to develop a plan to manage properly the waste of dairies at Delicias region, it in order to take advantage of end products and to reduce the environmental impact of raw wastes. The base of the plan was a diagnostic and a census carry out on all feedlots using environmental quality indicators such as nutrients, Electric Conductivity (EC) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) as well as satellite images from Delicias region. The EC, COD and nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were tested to identify the potential usage and its contamination level. The region includes an estimated of 58,000 milking cows with 2,900 m3 of manure producing 12 000 m3 day-1 of untreated wastewater, which represents an opportunity to take advantage of marketable end products. The EC and COD of wastewater ranged from 0.79 to 12.42 mS/cm and from 709 a 1450 mg L-1 respectively expressing a risk factor to the public health. Values of N and P were 26.9 y 33.12 mg L-1 respectively. The plan of waste management included practices and technologies to take advantage of the end products at the same time the establishment of an environmental culture to facilitate the sustainable develop at Delicias region.
Manejo de plagas en el cultivo de Chile y su impacto ambiental en la zona agrícola de Jiménez-Villa López, Chihuahua, México
(TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 2007-08-20) Guigón López, César; González González, Pablo Andrés
Pepper crops have a high pest incidence which requires increased use of chemical products for control. To identify pesticides and pest management programs used in pepper crop and to evaluate the pesticides environmental impact on health risk, questionnaires were supplied to producers in the Jiménez-Villa López agricultural zone during the 2001 and 2002 agricultural cycles. Pesticides environmental impact quotient (EIQ) and field environmental impact were calculated. 48 products were identified, 26 insecticides/ acaricides, 20 fungicides/bactericides and 2 herbicides. Endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were the insecticides most widely used in the production of pepper (82.3% and 49% of the cultivated area, respectively). Copper oxiclorure and manco-zeb were the most used fungicides (66.3% and 64.6% of the cultivated area, respectively). 37.5% of pest management programs exert a strong environmental pressure (EIQ> 500), 25% an EIQ between 300 and 500, and 37.5% an EIQ <290. Pepper crop management using some products such as endosulfan (EIQ=43 to 85), chlorpyrifos (EIQ=27 to 40), copper oxiclorure (EIQ=16 to 117) and manco-zeb (EIQ=37 to 299) may seriously impact the environment of the region.
Evaluación de riesgo de intoxicación por plomo en la zona urbana aledaña a una fundidora en Chihuahua, México
(TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 2007-01-05) Ornelas Hicks, Margarita; Sanín Aguirre, Luz Helena; Díaz Barriga, Fernando; Reza López, Sandra Alicia; Romieu, Isabelle
The objective of this work was to present a risk assessment (according to Environmental Protection Agency-EPA) of the residual lead intoxication risk, 10 years after the closure of one of the world’s largest smelter complex, which operated nearly 90 years in this zone. Area was stratified in function of the distance from the smelter. In each of the three defined strata, a random sample of mothers in reproductive age and their children between ages 1 and 5 was selected; capillary blood samples were taken from the mother-child pairs, and were analyzed through voltammetry using a portable apparatus (lead care) with strict quality control. In each of the sampled households, soil, paint, dust and water samples were taken for later analysis through anodic voltammetry. Schools from each stratum were selected as well, and in each of them capillary blood samples from children under age 6, as well as environmental samples corresponding to each school, were taken. To evaluate the predictors of lead levels in the blood of mothers and children analyses were performed through simple and multiple linear regression. In 324 children examined the blood lead level ranged from 2.8 to 50.2 μg/dL with a geometric mean of 11.4 (SD 8.2) μg/dL and 40% of the children had values > 10 μg/dL ,20% > 20 μg/ dL. Mothers’ lead concentration mean was 5.22 μg/dL (SD 3.36). Lead concentration in blood showed an inverse relation to the distance from the smelter. The analyzed superficial soil samples showed a range of 100 to > 9000 ppm. The predictors of lead in children, obtained by Multiple Linear Regression, were related to exposure to soil (98% of the total dose). Residual pollution exists and must be remediated before cultural and recreational activities or new urban areas be carried out in the zone.
Modelado del potencial fotovoltaico del estado de Chihuahua
(TECNOCIENCIA Chihuahua, 2016-12-19) Nevárez Rodríguez, Myrna C.; Estrada De la Cruz, Estefanía; Valles Aragón, Cecilia; Manjarrez Domínguez, Carlos Baudel; Sigala Bustamante, Mario A.
Global energy demand has been growing along time to support social and economical development, while leading to increase emissions of green house gasses (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Replace or support electrical power generation facilities based on fossil fuels with renewable energy options, such as solar photovoltaic technology, would decrease emissions of GHG, thus it would help to minimize the effects of climate change, and furthermore, would assist in the development of city and rural communities. Mexico, located within a region with a very high solar radiation (Sunbelt), is a very attractive country for photovoltaic installations, being that Chihuahua is one of the states with higher radiation, however given its vast area; it has required a more detailed study to identify the highest photovoltaic potential zones. In this research it was built a geoprocessing model using ArcGIS® 10.2.1 software. The model was able to clearly identify and classify 8,660 km2 of highly photovoltaic potential areas, in perspective, Chihuahua State would require only 23.74 km2 of them to fully meet its electrical generation demand, this reflects the abundance of the natural resource on Chihuahua and its photovoltaic potential.
¿Hidrocarburos en Chihuahua?
(FINGUACH Ingeniería y Ciencia, 2016) Villalobos Aragón, Alejandro; Espejel García, Vanessa V.